Background: Increasing regular exercise and physical activity among adults is an important target for the preventive medicine. Health behaviors such as exercising are reducing health risk factors, and self-efficacy, as an individual factor, is increasingly used as a predictor of health behavior. This study examined the correlation between self-efficacy and exercise as well as health risk factors among exercisers and non-exercisers.
 
Material and Methods: This investigation utilized a descriptive correlative design in order to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and exercise as well as health risk factors in exercisers and non-exercisers. The data were collected using Exercise Self-efficacy Scale, General Self-efficacy Scale, Health Risk Factors Questionnaire, and other paraclinical tests including BP and BMI administered to 120 persons who had been randomly selected and divided into 2 groups. The first group included 60 exercisers who exercised for 30 minutes a day in the morning and three times a week, while the second group including the same number of persons (n=60) did not exercise at all or exercised less than that.
 
Findings: The results of this study revealed a positive relationship between exercise self-efficacy and exercising (p=0.01), while general self-efficacy and exercise, and self-efficacy and health risk factors did not found to be correlated.
 Conclusion: Managers and planners in the field of physical education, according to the findings of this study, can have appropriate plans to increase self-efficacy of individuals in order to develop and popularize exercise and physical activities among people.