Background & Aim: ESRD is a multi-causes disease with irreversible reduction of kidneys’ function, in which renal function in electrolyte regulation, excretion of toxins and important hematopoietic hormones will be impaired. Then a permanent dependency with dialysis or a kidney transplant will need for patient to be survived. The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors for chronic renal failure in hemodialysis patients in hospitals of the Hamedan province.
 Material and Methods: In this descriptive study, a total of 455 patients with ESRD were studied to determine the etiology of ESRD. Data were collected by a demographic questionnaire (age, sex, marital status, educational level, and job) and risk factors of chronic renal failure disease. The information was collected by studying of medical records and interviews with patients if necessary. Descriptive statistics were used for data analyzing.
           
Results: Results showed 51.87% of patients were male and 48.13% were female. Risk factors of the disease were idiopathic 29.33%, diabetes 23.73%, hypertension 22.19%, glomerulonephritis 17.47%, urologic disorders 6.25% and other 1.13% respectively.
Conclusion: In this study the most common risk factors for chronic renal failure were, idiopathic, diabetes and hypertension, so by careful examination, Control and treatment of patients with diabetes and hypertension we can reduce the rate of chronic renal failure.